Polity Notes: Fundamental Duties

A list of ten fundamental duties was included in the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 in the form of Article 51 A. For this a new part was created in the Constitution in the form of Part IV-A. It is based on the Japanese model. The idea of including a separate chapter on duties was recommended by the Swam Singh Committee in view of the fact that duties and rights are inseparable. Moreover, subsequently one more duty has been added by Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002 in the form of 51 A (k). 

It reads: "It shall be the duty of every citizen of India ―who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years."

The 11 duties It shall be the duty of every citizen of India -

1. To abide by and respect the Constitution, the National Flag, and the National Anthem.

2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals of the freedom struggle.

3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.

4. To defend the countery  and render national service when required.

5. To promote common brotherhood and establish dignity of women.

6. To  preserve the rich heritage of the nation 's composite culture.

7. To protect and improve natural environment.

8. To develop scientific temper, humanism and spirit of inquiry.

9. To safeguard public property and abjure violence.

10. To strive for excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.

11. who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.