Study notes on "ESTERIFICATION & SAPONIFICATION "

ESTERIFICATION

The reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to form an ester is called Esterification reaction.

• CH₂COOH + C₂H₅OH -> CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O

The product formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol having the formula R-COO-R’ is called an ester. 

SAPONIFICATION

The reaction between the ester and hot base to give original alcohol and carboxylic acid back is called saponification reaction because this reaction is used in preparing soaps.

• CH₃COOC₂H₅ + NaOH -> CH₂COOH + C₂H₅OH 

Properties and Uses of ESTER:

• They are sweet smelling substances. 
• They are widely spread in nature. 
• The smell of fruits and flowers is due to the presence of esters. 
• They are used as flavorings agents and in making perfumes.

Cleansing action of soap 

1. The molecules of soap are sodium or potassium salts of long chain of carboxylic acids. 
2. The hydrocarbon tail being hydrophobic reacts with oil or grease. 
3. The ionic end being hydrophilic reacts with water. 
4. As a result micelles are formed. 
5. They form an emulsion in water.
6. When the surface of clothes is beaten or agitated, micelles are thrown away and the cloth is cleaned.

To  be continued....