DRAIN OF WEALTH
DRAIN OF WEALTH
This from of exploitation was a peculiar
feature of British colonial rule. In this sphere, major share of wealth
earned by the British in India through various means was exported to
England, depriving India of its profits. This accounted for home charge
which were due from India to England on account of interest on debt,
charges for civil administration, military administration, costs of army
training, transport and campaigns outside India, besides charge on
Indian finance, stores, guaranteed railways and irrigation works.
The plunder of this nature began from
Bengal when British acquired Diwani rights. The profits made from duty
free inland trade and the surplus from Diwani revenues were used to
purchase Indian goods for export purpose. These purchases were called
'investments'. This type of income accounted for nearly 6 million pounds
between 1758 and 1765, which in fact was more than four times the total land revenue collection of the Nawab of Bengal in 1765.
In
addition to these extracts, there were other charges of the army such
as rewards, pensions and gratitudes which had to be paid every year. It
is said that the pensions payable to the retired military officers
amounted to almost half the salt tax gathered from the whole of India.
The other cause of drain was the exchange rules fixed by the British
government for India. Through this, India lost a lot of money. Large
portion of the salaries received by the British officers in India was
also sent by them out of India. There were also European and English
traders, capitalists, planters, ship- wners, gold-miners, etc. who
remitted every year huge amounts. William Digby calculated
the total drain up to the end of 19th century and put it at 60,080
million pounds. The burden of home remittances became much more intensified
in the 20th century absorbing even larger quantities of the productive
resources of Indian people. In fact, the British capital invested in
India was in reality first raised in India by the plunder of the Indian
people.There were loud protests against this colossal drain of wealth
from India. It took a concrete shape in the writing of Dadabhai Naoroji, who led a bitter attack against the drain of wealth.